Badlands National Park

Badlands National Park outside of Wall, South Dakota is significant both historically and geologically. Native American tribes, such as the Lakota, once lived in this area and called it “mako sica,” meaning “land bad,” because of its difficult terrain and weather. The Badlands are known for having rich fossil beds, with remains of ancient animals like saber-toothed cats and early horses, which help scientists learn about prehistoric life.

The Badlands’ unique landscape was formed over millions of years through deposition and erosion. Around 75 million years ago, the area was covered by a shallow sea, where layers of mud, sand, and silt built up. As the sea receded, these layers compressed into sedimentary rock. Tectonic activity then uplifted the region, and erosion by wind and water sculpted the dramatic spires and gullies seen today. The colorful layers in the rocks reflect different periods of geological history, with materials like clay and volcanic ash deposited at different times. This ongoing process of erosion and deposition makes the Badlands a dynamic and fascinating place to study Earth’s history.